Faecal Sludge Management Practices in South African Urban and Peri-Urban Areas

Abstract

More than 12 million South Africans in peri-urban areas depend on on-site sanitation systems that require periodic faecal sludge desludging. In many areas, desludging is infrequent and sludge is illegally dumped, posing serious public health and environmental risks. This report characterises faecal sludge volumes, properties, and desludging service models at 200 sites in six cities, and evaluates co-treatment at wastewater treatment works and sludge-to-energy processing options.

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